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The most impressive section of the Yangtze river is the three Gorges: the Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge, collectively known as the Sanxia, or three Gorges.

The Yangtze, rising in the glaciers and snow-- covered mountains of the "Roof of the World", the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and fed by hundreds of tributaries, wanders eastward across the mainland of china. It makes an incessant rush into the East China Sea. The enormous inexhaustible hydroelectric resources of the Yangtze, producing no waste gases, no waste water, or waste residues, is superior to oilfields and coalfields and therefore considered the "King" of all energies capable of generating huge profits with a minimum input.

From its source to its estuary, the Yangtze River meanders over 6,300 kilometers. Its annual runoff into the potential of up to 268 million km.

The Three Gorges
With Baidi City, Fengjie in the Sichuan province to the west end and Nanjin Pass of Yichang in the Hubei province at the east, the Three Gorges, Qutang, Wu and Xiling, total 192 km in length. The Qutang Gorge, known for its magnificence, is only 8 km long. Wu Gorge, 44 km long, is famed for its deep valley and quiet beauty. Among the twelve peaks, the Goddess Peak is the most exquisite. Xiling Gorge, extending 66 km in length and full of turbulent currents and whirlpools, is one of the most dangerous shoals.

Lesser Three Gorges
The lesser Three Gorges, referring to the three separate valleys of the Daning River, are respectively called "Dragon-Gate Gorge", "Misty Gorge" and "Emerald Gorge". With clear water flowing fast through the gorges, and precipices and peaks towering to the sky, you can take a small junk to enjoy these extremely marvellous spectacles of nature.

Wu Gorge
Wu Gorge, 44 kilometers long, is known for its deep valley and quiet beauty. The "Twelve Peaks" lining the banks of Wu Gorge, have been admired by visitors from all over the world. It is said that if you look carefully, a silhouette of a goddess can be seen at the top of Goddess Peak.

Qutang Gorge
The Qutang Gorge, known for its magnificence, is only 8 kilometers long with many scenic spots such as, the Meng Liang Staircase, the ancient Plank road, the Kui Gate, the Seven Gate Cave, the Bellows Gorges, and the Rhinoceros Watching the Moon.

Xiling Gorge
Xiling Gorge, extending 66 kilometers in length, is composed of many scenic spots such as, "Military Manual and Precious Sword Gorge", "Ox's Live and Horse's Lung Gorge", "Kongling Shoal" and "Shadow-play Gorge". Among the cultural relics in the gorge are "Huangling Temple" and the "Three Travellers Cave".

The Best Time to Tour the Yangtze

A cruise down the Awe-inspiring Yangtze River is a must for any visitor to China. The best time to visit is during April-May, and September-October. This is also the height of the Yangtze River cruise season. At these times of the year the weather is warm and mild, and flight schedules are stable. Of course since this is the peak time for Yangtze River Cruises it can be difficult to book a reservation, and all of the cruises will be crowded.

June-August is also good times to book a Yangtze River Cruise. The weather is a bit hotter, but since all cruise ships are air-conditioned it will still be quite comfortable. There are also benefits to booking a cruise during this period. Booking costs will be lower, and the cruises will be less crowded. November-February is bitterly cold, and the amount of ships that cruise the river is almost non-existent.

Almost anytime can be a great time to travel down the Yangtze River. The most popular times are spring and autumn because the weather is cool and comfortable. These seasons are the high seasons of travel with many people, and higher ticket prices.

Why luxury Yangtze River cruise attracts so many people

Beautiful natural scenery and a large number of historical relics
Three Gorges is a gift of nature's most beautiful natural scenery and cultural relics. Three Gorges of the Yangtze, One of the China's 10 major scenic spots and the first of China's 40 best scenic spots. The beautiful scenery of the Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge wrapped the Yangtze River and rolling, the endless mountains as high as the clouds, the new city and the primitive villages in front of you in a very brief time. During the trip, we will arrange for you to board the people's most respected palace to learn about the traditional culture,and you can drift along the clear Shennong stream to appreciate the wild monkeys and the unique landscape.At the same time, you will be fortunate enough to board the China's greatest Three Gorges Project overlooking the landscape of Yangtze River,just as you board the brilliant Great Wall.

Pleasure Boat: Relaxing, but Sumptuo
For the urban population who experienced a high degree of urbanization and industrialization ,"leisure" may be a dream of luxury.Yangtze River cruise may slow down your pace and let you have a relaxed feeling to appreciate the Picturesque scenery.It's really
a wonderful thing when you enjoy the sunset in the evening.When you taste the deliciou chinese tea and listen to the history of
the river or learn more wonderful local folks from the staff in the lounge.

Comfortable Cruise Service
Cruise lines always find ways to help customers feel comfortable.They arrange for the guests a wide variety of activities, including performances ,cultural presentations, entertainment games and so on. The cabin is always comfortable.Inside the cabin, you have a comfortable bed ,which looks like the one in your home, private bathroom facilities, air-conditioning, the utility closet and large windows. The most exciting thing is most of the rooms have private balconies. Have you ever thought of the scenery at home kept change every minute?

sumptuous banquet
In the cruise you will enjoy the different flavors of Chinese food. Most dishes are suitable for visitors of different tastes. On the first day, you can take part in a welcome cocktail party and dinner, which hold by the captain. You will be able to eat freshwater fish, which is the most well-known delicious. The majority of visitors have a highly comment on it. Buffet breakfast is provided for you and you can also get free coffee and tea.

On common methods of chemicals storage

gfschemicals — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 08:50:54 +0200

(1), the need for glass lid acidic solution, toluene, ethyl ether, such as application of organic solvents should not use glass plug rubber plug, the lid rubber stop alkaline solution needs.
(2), some special agents need to preserve in plastic bottles, such as hydrofluoric acid. Because the hydrofluoric acid corrosion to glass. SiO2 + 4 HF --- SiF4 ↑ + 2 H2O.
(3) generally solid jars, liquid generally small mouth bottles
(4) easy to see light of reagent decomposition or deterioration of general-sheng in brown bottles, such as nitric acid, silver nitrate, chlorine water and so on. Cold dark place. Other bottles generally colorless.

(5) susceptible to oxidation and deterioration of the reagents: ① lively ho potassium, sodium, calcium oil stored in the burst

② potassium iodide, ferrous sulfide, sodium sulfate, such as preservation of peace and not to preserve the solid solution. The use of ferrous sulfate or ferrous oxide when the solution or by putting a small amount of iron nails.

(6) due to absorption of carbon dioxide or water vapor and the deterioration of reagents should be sealed to preserve (such as NaOH,limewater, bleaching powder, sodium silicate, Na2O2, etc.) are limewater with current best

(7) to preserve a small amount of white phosphorus in water

(8) liquid bromine stored in small mouth bottle, add water surface to "seal" bottle and sealed with wax

(9) concentrated hydrochloric acid, ammonia, iodine, and benzene, toluene, ether and other low boiling point organic compounds are kept in the bottle plus sealed plastic cover, placed in the dark cold.

10 kinds of methods of chemical memory

gfschemicals — Wed, 12 Aug 2009 04:58:08 +0200

1, understanding of memory. Mechanical memory memory memory and understanding of the points. Understanding of memory is built on the understanding of the inherent law of things on the basis of the memory, the effect is far more than rote memory of the machine.
     2, intended to memory. Memory can be divided into intentional and unintentional memory memory. Is intended to target memory and the use of certain methods and procedures, through the efforts of the memory of a certain method, this method of memory by the targeted student learning goals, plans to focus the attention of a higher consciousness and motivation, the brain cells in a strong excited state, resulting in a deep impression, I remember that fast and strong.
     3, distributed memory. For some variety, but it must be a direct memory of chemical knowledge, it is necessary to advise their students to take various breakthroughs, distributed memory approach to improve the student's interest and confidence, and enhance the effect of memory.
     4, contact memory experiments. Chemistry is an experimental-based disciplines. Chemistry experiment can get rich in a large number of students of perceptual knowledge, in the minds of deep memory.
     5, contrast memory. There will always be different from the distinction between things, only a relatively identification, to seize the essence of the difference between things. Memory with a more solid. Memory Compare and contrast similar sub-memory, on the contrary contrast contrast to the list of memory and memory, such as law.
     6, into memory. Will isolate a large number of fragmented knowledge, through a comprehensive induction to identify the relationship between, and connected networks of knowledge structured and systematic. This greatly reduces the memory of students, so as to achieve a consistent effect of 10.
     7, the image memory. Things off with the image of perception-based approach to memory is the memory image. Some of the basic concept is quite abstract and difficult to experiment and directly observed, the description of the image can be used, vivid metaphor to deepen student understanding and memory.
     8, fun memory. Knowledge that is put the ball into the memory of interesting methods, often make use of homophony, jingle, etc. to help students memory.
     9, error memory. Error is the beginning of a correct understanding. Error can provide students with a profound new feedback. The so-called "eat a cutting wisdom" and therefore must be consciously adopted to enable students to enhance memory error.
     10, memory Law Review. In accordance with the laws of memory, memory and forgetting there is always accompanied by a pair of contradictions. Knowledge and information has been stored, if it is not repeated use of the signs of strengthening the information, it will automatically lose. Review in a planned and purposeful. Review to the attention of timeliness, regular and comprehensive.

Decline in U.S. production of chemicals

gfschemicals — Thu, 06 Aug 2009 07:16:23 +0200

2008, U.S. chemical production fell by 4.7%. Now, the American Chemistry Council (ACC) chief economist Kevin Swift is expected this year, U.S. chemical production has dropped by 8.1% again, but 2010 will be resumed in 2011 and 1.6% and 2.2% growth.

     Since the 1980s, the U.S. chemicals industry has experienced the most serious recession, but this decline has eased. In May this year, the U.S. chemical production fell by 9.5% year-on-year, while capacity utilization from 76.6 percent a year ago dropped to 69.5%. If drugs are not included, then the production of chemicals fell 15.5 percent year-on-year. Judging from the supply chain, inventory and sales of chemicals, the ratio has in the past few months has improved, but the proportion has remained at a historic high. However, in 2008 and 2009 a significant reduction in the first quarter of inventory appears to weaken the action.

     Swift predicted that if the drugs do not take into account, then the United States this year, chemical production is expected to decrease by 11.6%. Play a role as the inventory cycle, basic chemicals and chemicals of certain professions is expected to face changes in the most volatile. He added that the production of chemicals in 2009 in the United States will decline in all regions, while the decline in the coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico is expected to reach double-digit rate because of global economic weakness will hinder the recovery of exports to the United States and will also slow down the United States domestic demand growth.

     Swift said that the Asian emerging economies seems to be the lead in the global chemicals industry recovery, "is expected in 2010 and 2011 before the recovery of the global chemicals production in 2009 will decline 6.3 percent, growth in developing countries will be better than developed countries, the latter a greater decrease in production. "

Restoring a maize root signal that attra...

gfschemicals — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 07:32:10 +0200

J?rg Degenhardta,1,2, Ivan Hiltpoldb,1, Tobias G. K?llnera,2, Monika Freyc, Alfons Gierlc, Jonathan Gershenzona, Bruce E. Hibbardd, Mark R. Ellersiecke and Ted C. J. Turlingsb,3

aMax-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Kn?ll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany;
bUniversity of Neuchatel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Case Postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
cLehrstuhl für Genetik, Technische Universit?t München, Am Hochanger 8, D-85350 Freising, Germany;
dUnited States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetics Research Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; and
eAgricultural Experiment Station, 307E Middlebush Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211

When attacked by herbivorous insects, plants emit volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of the insects. It has been proposed that these volatile signals can be manipulated to improve crop protection. Here, we demonstrate the full potential of this strategy by restoring the emission of a specific belowground signal emitted by insect-damaged maize roots. The western corn rootworm induces the roots of many maize varieties to emit (E)-β-caryophyllene, which attracts entomopathogenic nematodes that infect and kill the voracious root pest. However, most North American maize varieties have lost the ability to emit (E)-β-caryophyllene and may therefore receive little protection from the nematodes. To restore the signal, a nonemitting maize line was transformed with a (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase gene from oregano, resulting in constitutive emissions of this sesquiterpene. In rootworm-infested field plots in which nematodes were released, the (E)-β-caryophyllene-emitting plants suffered significantly less root damage and had 60% fewer adult beetles emerge than untransformed, nonemitting lines. This demonstration that plant volatile emissions can be manipulated to enhance the effectiveness of biological control agents opens the way for novel and ecologically sound strategies to fight a variety of insect pests.

International Biochemical Congress in 20...

gfschemicals — Mon, 03 Aug 2009 10:06:29 +0200

No. 21 Session of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Academic Conference and the 12th Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular Biologists Congress (referred to as the International Biochemical Congress in 2009) August 2 at the Shanghai International Convention Center kicked off .

     Began in 1949, held once every three years, the General Assembly of the international chemical and biological, <a href=http://www.gfschemicals.com/ >Chemical</a> and biological areas is the largest and the highest academic level of the General Assembly, so far 20 sessions have been held. Asia only India and Japan held the. China's successful 2003 bid to host the session of the General Assembly, this is the first time the General Assembly held an international chemical and biological.

     In the future during the week-long conference, attended by 3,000 Chinese and foreign scholars to explore protein structure and dynamics, genome dynamics and gene regulation, cell signal transduction network, molecular disease research in the field of hot topics and cutting-edge show the forefront of life science research.

     The General Assembly has invited more than 160 in their respective areas of research scientists have made outstanding contributions, including four Nobel laureates at the meeting so the report, a total of 36 thematic sessions, and in Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Xi'an, held three Satellite Meeting.

     Biochemical this international theme of "biological molecules, so that a better life", by the Chinese of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cell Biology Institute of the Chinese co-sponsored Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology Institute co.

90,000 Chinese children become "little B...

gfschemicals — Fri, 31 Jul 2009 06:50:36 +0200

Shanghai Xinhua news channel ming reported July 31: by the international chemical giant BASF's first interactive teaching and learning activities "BASF chemists little" before landing once again in Shanghai, through the fun of the chemical experiment to school-age children and the spread of innovation the concept of sustainable development.

This is a "small BASF chemists" to enter its eighth year in China. Since 2002, the first time since the success so far, more than 9 children were 6-12 years old chemistry experiment to be done by hand opportunity to experience the fun of the chemical world. "BASF chemist small" By way of entertaining, let the kids explore the magic of the natural sciences, but also understand the importance of environmental protection.

A total of 30 officers from more than 60 local community-based primary Shanghai, Shanghai Chemical Industrial Zone of children around the primary to participate in the opening ceremony. This year's "Little BASF chemist" activities for a total of four children, the safety design of chemical experiments, of which the "magic blue" and "paper chromatography" is the first time in the domestic launch.

Management Board Chairman of BASF Greater China, Kwan said, "BASF chemist small" only in helping children to create a better future to prepare the hope that through this education activities to develop children's creative thinking and the concept of sustainable development.

Chemical version of "Blue and White Porc...

gfschemicals — Thu, 30 Jul 2009 10:35:01 +0200

　素胚勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡

　　无色酚酞面对碱羞涩脸绯红

　　“素胚勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡，瓶身描绘的牡丹一如你初妆……”

JAY's "blue and white", it was sang as a "colorless phenolphthalein alkaline shy face to face crimson, purple, blue alkaline litmus encountered slow fade out ... ..." you say enough well done? A few days ago, a "chemical version of Blue and White Porcelain"Popular major forum posts. An unknown chemical teachers, the "Blue and White Porcelain" in the wording of the lyrics to chemistry and passion in the classroom performance, not only welcomed by students, the relevant screen even after the on-line a lot of friends shouted, "tough "!

China Wind JAY song "Blue and White Porcelain" Once launched, it has become a hot point of KTV to sing songs, many people are very like this song. However, the networks have a strange world, a chemistry teacher recently the "Blue and White Porcelain" lyrics into the chemical-related words, the classroom became a "living textbook." Yesterday's news very quickly find this online video, pre-screen blackboard hung a piece of curtain, with the music sounded familiar, were reflected screen subtitles. When I began to imitate those who, immediately make any music. "Phenolphthalein colorless alkali shy face to face crimson, purple, blue alkaline litmus encountered slow fade out, the pH and salt ion solution into the water to leave the metal with acid and hydrogen ... ..." are all related to chemical-related knowledge , had been the powerful new form of imitators. In this video can only see two students curtain, non-stop laughter, and the concert has not been to see the shadow.

For this video, a vivid expression of the language so that users are screaming fun, especially school students, it is strange feeling. "Well, ah, I saw this video immediately after the impulse has been to study chemistry!" "I do not how to face such cattle chemistry teacher?" "Too talented, and this is the real fun ah ! "" was able to encounter such a teacher, the chemical will not learn the bad! "Of course, the reporter found it posted a small number of students raised on some different views on the lyrics. Such as "splash sulfuric acid dip washed skin immediately, Mr sodium bicarbonate," that does not have students, in the case of concentrated sulfuric acid should be wiped with a dry cloth, copious amount of water flushing. However, this video, many teachers find it very interesting. "It is a good thing, the whole song on the formulation of the principle of different types of chemical 99% is correct." Preferred to remain anonymous, a chemistry teacher, told reporters, "This song is the most rare because of chemical changes in the expression of --- could be the way to sing pop songs! "Dean of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Yu eternal that this recreation is a good teaching methods, classroom atmosphere can be mobilized, the students in a humorous, relaxed environment learn faster and remember more knowledge in prison.

It is understood that the first 14th in Hangzhou, paste it on the secondary star, is now rapidly sweeping the major forums, websites, become friends, especially the favorite students. Subsequently, there are users saying that it was Taishan City, Guangdong Province, a chemistry teacher in order to help students understand the memory, extracting the characteristics of various chemical elements and the creation. The chemistry teacher on the "astonishing move", JAY music companies are also very generous杰威尔, namely, that it does not hurt Daya. "The chemistry teacher quite admire the talent, before there are many songs Jelloun as a text. This will allow you to listen to the" Blue and White Porcelain, "a beautiful melody to learn chemistry, very interesting!" Music杰威尔responsible told reporters.

"Blue and White Porcelain chemical version of" part of the lyrics
　　白色絮状的沉淀跃然试管底

　　铜离子遇氢氧根再也不分离

　　当溶液呈金黄色因为铁三钾

　　浅绿色二甲亚铁把人迷

　　电石偷偷去游泳生成乙炔气

　　点燃后变乙炔焰高温几千几

　　逸散那二氧化碳

　　石灰水点缀白色沉底

　　苯遇高锰酸钾变色不容易

　　甲苯上加硝基小心TNT

　　在苯中的碘分子紫色多美丽

　　就为萃取埋下了伏笔

　　电解池电解质通电阴阳极

　　化合价有高低电子来转移

　　……

A chinese student affiliated Olympic gol...

gfschemicals — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 08:48:08 +0200

Yi Liu is a popular river Xiangtan people. He said the family is very democratic, no matter small or early or middle school, parents will seek and respect his views. Was reading the middle school affiliated to Hunan Normal University, is the idea of holding their own. LI Li-wen Liu teacher coach, Liu Ji is the day learning the 2-3 times teachers.

Liu has been previously sent to the Peking University.

Electroplating Additives and Specialty E...

gfschemicals — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:34:34 +0200

GFS Chemicals has a long tradition in high purity reagents for analytical and laboratory use. While electroplating solutions typically do not require high purity reagents, the recent trend up the performance ladder to high-ticket applications such as electronics, optics, and military end uses frequently demand high quality constituent reagents from which to make a blend.

GFS Chemicals is pleased to present the following reagents for use in electroplating blends. We will be happy to meet your purity needs.

Acid Copper Plating (ASTM B-734; MIL-C-14550; AMS 2418)

Cupric sulfate 98+ or 99.9%

Cupric fluoborate

Non-Cyanide Alkaline Copper Plating (ASTM B-734; MIL-C-14550; AMS 2418)

Cupric sulfate 98+ or 99.9%

Cupric pyrophosphate

Miscellaneous/Specialty Copper Plating

Cupric chloride 97+ or 99+%

Cupric nitrate 98+%

Trivalent Chrome Plating (QQ-C-320; ASTM B-650; MIL-C-23422; AMS 2406)

Chromium chloride 98+ or 99.9%

Chromium sulfate 98+%

Chromium nitrate 98+ or 99.9%

Chromium formate

Chromium ammonium sulfate

Nickel Plating (QQ-N-290; ASTM B-689; AMS 2403; MIL-P-27418)

Nickel chloride 98+ or 99.9%

Nickel sulfate 98+ or 99.9%

Nickel sulfamate

Nickel carbonate 98+ or 99.9%

Nickel chloride 98+ or 99.9%

Nickel nitrate 98+ or 99.9%

Nickel tetrafluoroborate

Phosphorous acid 99%

Cadmium Plating (QQ-P-416; ASTM B-766; AMS 2400; AMS 2416)

Cadmium oxide 97%

Cadmium tetrafluoroborate

Cadmium chloride 98+ or 99.9%

Cadmium sulfate 98+ or 99.9%

Cadmium acetate

Cadmium iodide

Acid Zinc Plating (QQ-Z-325; ASTM B-633)

Zinc chloride 97+ or 99.9%

Zinc sulfate 99 or 99.9%

Zinc tetrafluoroborate

Non-Cyanide Alkaline Zinc Plating (QQ-Z-325; ASTM B-633)

Zinc oxide 99 or 99.9%

Miscellaneous/Specialty Zinc and Zinc Alloy Plating

Zinc pyrophosphate

Zinc hexafluorosilicate

Zinc fluoride

Zinc sulfamate

Zinc formate

Zinc citrate

Cobalt chloride 98+ or 99.9%

Cobalt sulfate 98+ or 99.9%

Lead and Lead Alloy Plating (ASTM B-579; MIL-P-81728; AMS 2418)

Lead tetrafluoroborate

Lead methanesulfonate

Lead hexafluorosilicate

Lead carbonate basic

Lead chloride

Lead acetate

Lead perchlorate

Complexing Agents/Chelators

Potassium pyrophosphate

Sodium pyrophosphate

Ammonium citrate 98%

Sodium citrate 99%

Potassium citrate 99%

Lactic acid

Ethylenediamine 99%

Sulfamic acid 99%

Di-sodium EDTA 99%

Rochelle salt 99%

Brighteners

2-Butyne-1,4-diol 99%

Thiourea 99%

p-Toluenesulfonic acid 98.5%

1-Allyl-2-thiourea

Saccharic acid, monopotassium 98%

Electroless Reducing Agents

With the recent acquisition of a key synthetic technology, GFS Chemicals is pleased to announce its new aminoborane line of reductants for electroless nickel and electroless nickel alloy plating.

Dimethylamine borane (DMAB)

Diethylamine borane (DEAB)

Also:

Sodium hypophosphite 98%

Ammonium hypophosphite

Formaldehyde solution, 37% strength

Sodium borohydride 98%

Miscellaneous Additives

Boric acid 99 or 99.9%

Ammonium chloride 99 or 99.9%

Ammonium sulfate 99%

Ammonium sulfamate 98%

Sodium thiocyanate

Potassium thiocyanate 98%

Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate

Ammonium thiocyanate 95 or 97%

Ammonium tetrafluoroborate 97 or 99.9%

Ammonium hexafluorosilicate

Ammonium hexafluorotitanate 99%

Sodium tetrafluoroborate

Potassium tetrafluoroborate

Potassium hexafluoroaluminate

For further information about materials availability and research currently ongoing at GFS Chemicals in these coatings areas, please e-mail paintandcoatings@gfschemicals.com

Too hot,the trees will pollute the envir...

gfschemicals — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 04:15:05 +0200

Normally, trees are the best defence against pollution; but when it's too hot outside, the trees' own self-defence mechanism may actually make things worse.

Trees produce natural chemicals, called isoprene and terpene, that are thought to protect their leaves from too much heat and sunlight. When the chemicals react with nitrogen oxide--found in pollution from cars--they form ozone, a much bigger health threat to humans and animals.

Dr Alastair Lewis and his team at Britain's York University noticed how the production of isoprene, and thus ozone, suddenly went up at high temperatures. "At 30℃, it's starting to become important. By 35℃, the emission rate has gone up by maybe an order of magnitude 10 times," Lewis told the BBC. Lewis says that isoprene and terpene were responsible for 30 percent of the ozone in the air during the hottest part of the summer.

Prof.David Fowler of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Edinburgh says we shouldn't blame the trees for this. "Realistically, the best way to counter this is to reduce our production of both ozone and nitrogen oxides from industrial and personal processes."

Drink from plastic bottles can raise the...

gfschemicals — Thu, 23 Jul 2009 11:10:27 +0200

Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body’s levels of a controversial ‘gender-bending’ chemical by more than two thirds, according to news.

Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenol A (BPA) - an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles - which is officially classified as toxic in some countries.

A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate bottles showed a 69 per cent increase in their urine of BPA, which mimicsthe female sex hormone oestrogen.

Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day. Researchers from Harvard School of Public Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day ‘washout’ phase in which they drank all cold beverages from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure.

They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from them during the next week. Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked to birth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes.

In particular there are fears that heating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby’s milk, causes the chemical to leak in potentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within.

The senior author of the latest study, Karin B. Michels, associate professor of epidemiology at HSPH and Harvard Medical School, said: "We found that drinking cold liquids from polycarbonate bottles for just one week increased urinary BPA levels by more than two-thirds."

"If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to be considerably higher. This would be of concern since infants may be particularly susceptibleto BPA’s hormone gland-disrupting potential." Canada banned the use of BPA in polycarbonate baby bottles last year and some manufacturers have voluntarily eliminated it from their products.

Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided. The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body.

Previous studies had found that BPA could leach from polycarbonate bottles into their contents, but this study - published in US journal Environmental Health Perspectives - is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPA concentrations in humans.

Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said: ‘While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linked to adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle - whether or not polycarbonate plastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body.’

Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22[imag...

gfschemicals — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 10:07:44 +0200

Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22.ChongQing.China.

Powder Coating Curing Agents and Hardene...

gfschemicals — Mon, 20 Jul 2009 09:34:53 +0200

Current powder coating constituents available from GFS Chemicals include the following. GFS Chemicals and/or its suppliers can offer product certification for the specific constituents described below.

A) Phosphonium Curing Agents for Epoxy Powder Coats

Tetrabutylphosphonium iodide

Ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide

Ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

Ethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride

Butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

B) Phosphonium Curing Agents for Fluoropolymer Powder Coats

Benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide

Benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride

Benzyltriphenylphosphonium iodide

Benzyltriphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate

C) Hardeners for Epoxy Powder Coats

Dicyandiamide

Adipic acid dihydrazide

Succinic acid dihydrazide

D) Matting Agent for Epoxy Powder Coats

ortho-tolylbiguanide

For more information contact paintandcoatings@gfschemicals.com.